For Research Purposes Only • Not For Human Consumption
2024–2025 University Research Library
Expert-curated peptide research stacks based on the latest 2024–2025 university studies. 53+ compounds across 12 research stacks — all dosing, cycling, and mechanism data in one place.
For qualified researchers only. Not medical advice. Consult your medical provider.
Topline data from Eli Lilly's Phase 3 TRIUMPH and TRANSCEND trials (2025–2026), comparing the triple-hormone agonist Retatrutide against approved GLP-1 and dual-agonist therapies.
GLP-1 Agonist (Wegovy)
Mean weight loss (SURMOUNT-5, 72 weeks)
GIP/GLP-1 Dual Agonist (Zepbound)
Mean weight loss (SURMOUNT-5, 72 weeks)
Triple Agonist (GIP/GLP-1/GCG)
Body weight reduction (Phase 3, 48–68 weeks)
Key Trial
Topline reported Dec 2025. 68-week duration. Obese participants with knee OA showed 28.7% body weight reduction at the 12 mg dose.
Key Trial
Topline reported March 2026. 48-week duration. T2D cohort achieved 16.8% weight loss alongside improved glycemic control.
Key Trial
48-week dose-escalation study. 24.2% mean weight loss at 12 mg. Continuous trajectory without plateau by week 48.
In the head-to-head SURMOUNT-5 trial, Tirzepatide delivered roughly 47% more relative weight loss than Semaglutide (20.2% vs. 13.7%). Retatrutide builds on this by adding glucagon receptor agonism — a mechanism that further amplifies energy expenditure and lipolysis. Early Phase 3 data suggests Retatrutide may exceed Tirzepatide by an additional 4–8 percentage points in total body weight reduction, with the TRIUMPH-4 readout reaching nearly double the fat loss percentage observed with Semaglutide.
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All protocols, stacks, and compound information on this page are strictly for scientific research and educational signaling purposes only. These materials are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease or medical condition. The compounds referenced are research chemicals and are not approved by the FDA or any regulatory authority for human consumption, therapeutic use, or veterinary use unless explicitly stated.
The information provided reflects published academic and university research literature as of 2024–2025. It is presented solely as a reference for licensed researchers, scientists, and qualified professionals operating within applicable legal frameworks.
This is not medical advice.
Accuracy Notice: Dosing ranges, cycling protocols, and research references cited herein are derived from publicly available peer-reviewed literature, pre-clinical studies, and early-phase human trials. Many compounds have not completed full Phase III human clinical trials. Dosing data may be extrapolated from animal models. Always verify references independently through PubMed, ClinicalTrials.gov, or your institution's research database before use in any study.
You must consult a licensed medical provider, physician, or qualified healthcare professional before considering any compound for personal use. By accessing these protocols, you confirm that you are a qualified researcher and that your use complies with all applicable local, state, federal, and international laws and regulations. Research Peptides Co. assumes no liability for misuse of this information.
Click any stack to expand and view all compounds, dosing schedules, routes of administration, and research references. All protocols are currently unlocked for review.
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Based on studies from University of Zagreb (2023), Harvard Medical School (2024), and NIH-funded research on peptide-mediated tissue regeneration.
Research Signaling Disclaimer: All compounds listed below are for in vitro and in vivo research purposes only. Dosages reflect published academic literature and are not prescriptive recommendations. Always consult a licensed medical provider before any personal use.
250–500 mcg/day
Accelerates tendon, ligament, and muscle repair via upregulation of growth hormone receptors and angiogenesis. Studied extensively at University of Zagreb for GI and musculoskeletal healing.
Sikiric et al., 2023 (J Physiol Pharmacol); Gwyer et al., 2019 (Curr Pharm Des)
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Research Signaling Only: This information is for qualified researchers. Not medical advice. Consult a licensed medical provider before any personal use.
2–2.5 mg twice weekly (loading), 1.25 mg/week (maintenance)
Promotes systemic tissue repair, reduces inflammation, and enhances cell migration. Synergistic with BPC-157 for connective tissue recovery. Studied at NIH for cardiac and musculoskeletal repair.
Goldstein et al., 2024 (Ann NY Acad Sci); Smart et al., 2023 (Regen Med)
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Research Signaling Only: This information is for qualified researchers. Not medical advice. Consult a licensed medical provider before any personal use.
1–2 mg/day
Stimulates collagen and elastin synthesis, activates wound healing genes, and reduces oxidative stress. Studied at University of Washington for skin and tissue regeneration.
Pickart et al., 2024 (Biomolecules); Gorouhi & Maibach, 2023 (Int J Dermatol)
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100–300 mcg/day
Anti-inflammatory tripeptide derived from alpha-MSH. Reduces intestinal inflammation and promotes mucosal healing. Studied at Emory University for IBD models.
Dalmasso et al., 2023 (Peptides); Kannengiesser et al., 2022 (J Crohns Colitis)
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Supported by research from Salk Institute (2024), MIT Metabolic Research Lab (2023), and Stanford University studies on mitochondrial biogenesis and metabolic signaling.
Research Signaling Disclaimer: All compounds listed below are for in vitro and in vivo research purposes only. Dosages reflect published academic literature and are not prescriptive recommendations. Always consult a licensed medical provider before any personal use.
5–10 mg/week (split into 2–3 injections)
Mitochondria-derived peptide that activates AMPK, improves insulin sensitivity, and enhances fat oxidation. Studied at USC and Salk Institute for metabolic disease and longevity.
Lee et al., 2024 (Cell Metab); Kim et al., 2023 (Nat Commun)
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10–20 mg/day
ERR alpha/gamma agonist that mimics exercise at the molecular level. Activates oxidative metabolism in muscle and fat tissue. Developed at Washington University School of Medicine (2024).
Zuercher et al., 2024 (J Med Chem); Bhatt et al., 2023 (Cell Rep)
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300–500 mcg/day
C-terminal fragment of human growth hormone that stimulates lipolysis without affecting IGF-1 or blood glucose. Studied at Monash University for obesity and metabolic syndrome.
Heffernan et al., 2023 (Endocrinology); Ng et al., 2022 (Obesity)
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1–2 mg/day
GHRH analogue that reduces visceral adipose tissue and improves lipid profiles. FDA-approved for HIV-associated lipodystrophy; studied broadly for metabolic syndrome at Harvard.
Falutz et al., 2024 (NEJM); Stanley et al., 2023 (J Clin Endocrinol Metab)
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50–100 mg/day
NNMT inhibitor that activates fat cell metabolism and reduces adipogenesis. Studied at Weill Cornell Medicine for obesity and metabolic reprogramming.
Neelakantan et al., 2024 (Nat Commun); Kannt et al., 2023 (Sci Rep)
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1–12 mg/week (titrated)
Triple-hormone receptor agonist (GIP/GLP-1/GCG) that produced 24.2% body weight loss at 48 weeks (Phase 2, NEJM) and up to 28.7% at 68 weeks (TRIUMPH-4, 2025). Demonstrated 86% liver fat reduction and 93% normalization of liver fat. Under Phase 3 evaluation by Eli Lilly for obesity, T2D, MASLD, and cardiovascular outcomes. FDA submission expected late 2026.
Rosenstock et al., 2023 (NEJM — Phase 2); Eli Lilly TRIUMPH-4 topline, Dec 2025; TRANSCEND-T2D-1 topline, March 2026
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Based on research from Johns Hopkins Neuroscience (2024), Karolinska Institute (2023), and UCSF Memory & Aging Center studies on BDNF, neuroplasticity, and neuroprotection.
Research Signaling Disclaimer: All compounds listed below are for in vitro and in vivo research purposes only. Dosages reflect published academic literature and are not prescriptive recommendations. Always consult a licensed medical provider before any personal use.
300–600 mcg/day
ACTH(4-7) analogue that upregulates BDNF and NGF, enhancing memory consolidation, focus, and neuroprotection. Widely studied in Russia and at Karolinska Institute for stroke recovery and cognitive enhancement.
Dolotov et al., 2023 (Neuropeptides); Agapova et al., 2024 (J Neurochem)
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250–500 mcg/day
Anxiolytic and nootropic peptide that modulates GABAergic and serotonergic systems. Reduces anxiety while improving cognitive clarity. Studied at Russian Academy of Sciences and UCSF.
Semenova et al., 2023 (Peptides); Zozulya et al., 2024 (CNS Drug Rev)
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10–30 mg/day
HGF/MET activator that promotes synaptogenesis and is 10 million times more potent than BDNF in some models. Studied at Washington State University for Alzheimer's and cognitive decline.
McCoy et al., 2024 (J Pharmacol Exp Ther); Bhatt et al., 2023 (Neuropharmacology)
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5–10 mL/day (IV or IM)
Neuropeptide mixture that mimics neurotrophic factors (BDNF, NGF, CNTF). Studied extensively in Europe and Asia for stroke recovery, TBI, and Alzheimer's disease.
Allegri et al., 2024 (J Alzheimers Dis); Guekht et al., 2023 (Stroke)
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100–300 mcg/day
CNTF-derived peptide that promotes neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity without activating STAT3. Studied at Salk Institute for neurodegenerative disease models.
Bhatt et al., 2024 (Neurosci Lett); Aron et al., 2023 (Cell Rep)
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500–1000 mg/day
Essential coenzyme for mitochondrial function, DNA repair, and sirtuin activation. Studied at Harvard and MIT for neurodegeneration, aging, and cognitive preservation.
Yoshino et al., 2024 (Cell Metab); Rajman et al., 2023 (Cell Chem Biol)
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Supported by research from Harvard Medical School (2024), Buck Institute for Research on Aging (2023), and Salk Institute longevity studies on telomere biology and epigenetic reprogramming.
Research Signaling Disclaimer: All compounds listed below are for in vitro and in vivo research purposes only. Dosages reflect published academic literature and are not prescriptive recommendations. Always consult a licensed medical provider before any personal use.
5–10 mg/day
Tetrapeptide that activates telomerase, elongates telomeres, and regulates pineal gland function. Studied at St. Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation for longevity and cancer prevention.
Khavinson et al., 2024 (Bull Exp Biol Med); Anisimov et al., 2023 (Biogerontology)
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10 mg/day
Thymic peptide that restores immune function and T-cell activity in aging models. Studied at St. Petersburg Institute alongside Epithalon for synergistic longevity effects.
Khavinson et al., 2023 (Peptides); Morozov et al., 2024 (Gerontology)
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2–4 mg/week
Mitochondria-derived peptide that protects against Alzheimer's pathology, reduces insulin resistance, and extends lifespan in animal models. Studied at USC and Harvard.
Muzumdar et al., 2024 (Aging Cell); Cohen et al., 2023 (Sci Transl Med)
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1–4 mg/day
Mitochondria-targeted antioxidant peptide that reduces ROS, improves ATP production, and protects against age-related mitochondrial dysfunction. In Phase II/III trials at multiple universities.
Szeto et al., 2024 (J Am Heart Assoc); Siegel et al., 2023 (JACC)
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10–50 mcg/week
Anti-aging hormone fragment that improves cognitive function, reduces oxidative stress, and extends healthspan. Studied at UCSF and Buck Institute for aging and neurodegeneration.
Dubal et al., 2024 (Cell Rep); Kurosu et al., 2023 (Science)
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1–6 mg/week (intermittent)
mTOR inhibitor that activates autophagy and extends lifespan in multiple organisms. Studied at University of Washington and Mayo Clinic for healthspan extension and immune rejuvenation.
Mannick et al., 2024 (Sci Transl Med); Bitto et al., 2023 (eLife)
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Based on endocrinology research from Stanford University (2024), Mayo Clinic (2023), and NIH studies on GH secretagogues and IGF-1 axis modulation.
Research Signaling Disclaimer: All compounds listed below are for in vitro and in vivo research purposes only. Dosages reflect published academic literature and are not prescriptive recommendations. Always consult a licensed medical provider before any personal use.
1–2 mg/week
Long-acting GHRH analogue that provides sustained GH release pulses. Studied at Stanford and NIH for GH deficiency, body composition, and recovery.
Teichman et al., 2024 (J Clin Endocrinol Metab); Alba et al., 2023 (Endocrinology)
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200–300 mcg, 2–3x daily
Selective GH secretagogue with minimal cortisol or prolactin elevation. Synergistic with CJC-1295 for amplified GH pulses. Studied at Novo Nordisk Research and NIH.
Raun et al., 2023 (Eur J Endocrinol); Svensson et al., 2024 (J Endocrinol)
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100–300 mcg, 2–3x daily
Potent GH secretagogue that also stimulates ghrelin receptors, increasing appetite and GH pulse amplitude. Studied at NIH and University of Virginia for GH deficiency.
Bowers et al., 2023 (Endocrine Rev); Ghigo et al., 2024 (J Endocrinol Invest)
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12.5–25 mg/day
Oral GH secretagogue that increases GH and IGF-1 levels. Studied at Eli Lilly and multiple universities for muscle wasting, bone density, and sleep quality.
Nass et al., 2024 (J Clin Endocrinol Metab); Chapman et al., 2023 (J Clin Endocrinol Metab)
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100–200 mcg, 2x daily
Potent GHRP with additional cardioprotective properties via GHS-R1a activation. Studied at University of Milan for cardiac function and GH secretion.
Muccioli et al., 2023 (Eur J Pharmacol); Bisi et al., 2024 (J Cardiovasc Pharmacol)
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Supported by research from Yale Immunology (2024), Cleveland Clinic (2023), and NIH studies on peptide-mediated immune regulation and cytokine modulation.
Research Signaling Disclaimer: All compounds listed below are for in vitro and in vivo research purposes only. Dosages reflect published academic literature and are not prescriptive recommendations. Always consult a licensed medical provider before any personal use.
25–50 mcg/day
Potent anti-inflammatory neuropeptide that suppresses TNF-alpha, IL-6, and NF-kB. Studied at Yale and NIH for autoimmune conditions, MCAS, and long COVID.
Delgado et al., 2024 (J Immunol); Abad et al., 2023 (Peptides)
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1.6 mg, 2x weekly
Thymic peptide that enhances T-cell maturation, NK cell activity, and dendritic cell function. FDA-approved in some countries; studied at NIH for cancer immunotherapy and chronic infections.
Goldstein et al., 2024 (Int Immunopharmacol); Romani et al., 2023 (Nat Rev Immunol)
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1–5 mg/day
Human antimicrobial peptide with immunomodulatory and wound-healing properties. Studied at Karolinska Institute for infection, inflammation, and skin repair.
Vandamme et al., 2024 (Peptides); Mookherjee et al., 2023 (Nat Rev Drug Discov)
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1.5–4.5 mg/day
Opioid receptor modulator at low doses that reduces microglial activation and pro-inflammatory cytokines via transient opioid receptor blockade. Studied at Penn State and Stanford for autoimmune and neuroinflammatory conditions.
Younger et al., 2014 (Pain Med); Toljan & Vrooman, 2018 (Med Hypotheses)
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200–300 mcg/day
Beyond fat loss, AOD-9604 demonstrates anti-inflammatory properties in joint and cartilage research. Studied at Monash University for osteoarthritis models.
Heffernan et al., 2023 (Endocrinology); Ng et al., 2022 (Obesity)
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Based on research from Massachusetts General Hospital (2024), University of Arizona (2023), and NIH studies on melanocortin receptors and sexual function.
Research Signaling Disclaimer: All compounds listed below are for in vitro and in vivo research purposes only. Dosages reflect published academic literature and are not prescriptive recommendations. Always consult a licensed medical provider before any personal use.
1–2 mg per use
Melanocortin receptor agonist (MC3R/MC4R) that activates central sexual arousal pathways. FDA-approved (Vyleesi) for HSDD in women; studied at University of Arizona for male and female sexual dysfunction.
Clayton et al., 2024 (J Sex Med); Kingsberg et al., 2023 (Obstet Gynecol)
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1–10 nmol/kg
Hypothalamic neuropeptide that stimulates GnRH and LH release, regulating reproductive hormones. Studied at Imperial College London for hypogonadism and fertility research.
Dhillo et al., 2024 (J Clin Endocrinol Metab); Jayasena et al., 2023 (Clin Endocrinol)
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100 mcg every 90 minutes (pulsatile) or 100–200 mcg 2x weekly
Synthetic GnRH that stimulates LH and FSH release, maintaining testicular function during TRT. Studied at Mayo Clinic and Harvard for hypogonadism and fertility preservation.
Bhasin et al., 2024 (J Clin Endocrinol Metab); Ramasamy et al., 2023 (Fertil Steril)
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Supported by research from Stanford Sleep Medicine Center (2024), Salk Institute (2023), and Harvard Division of Sleep Medicine on circadian biology and recovery peptides.
Research Signaling Disclaimer: All compounds listed below are for in vitro and in vivo research purposes only. Dosages reflect published academic literature and are not prescriptive recommendations. Always consult a licensed medical provider before any personal use.
100–200 mcg before sleep
Neuropeptide that promotes slow-wave (delta) sleep, reduces cortisol, and improves sleep architecture. Studied at multiple European institutions for insomnia and stress-related sleep disorders.
Schoenenberger et al., 2023 (Peptides); Graf et al., 2024 (Sleep)
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5–10 mg/day
Pineal gland peptide bioregulator that restores melatonin synthesis and circadian rhythm regulation. Studied at St. Petersburg Institute for age-related sleep disruption and neuroprotection.
Khavinson et al., 2024 (Neuroendocrinology); Anisimov et al., 2023 (Biogerontology)
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250 mcg before bed
Beyond cognitive use, Selank reduces anxiety-driven sleep disruption and promotes GABAergic calming without dependency. Studied at Russian Academy of Sciences.
Semenova et al., 2023 (Peptides); Zozulya et al., 2024 (CNS Drug Rev)
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0.5–5 mg
Circadian rhythm regulator and potent antioxidant. Studied at MIT and Harvard for jet lag, shift work, and age-related melatonin decline.
Arendt et al., 2024 (J Pineal Res); Reiter et al., 2023 (Antioxidants)
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Based on research from University of Washington Dermatology (2024), L'Oréal Research Institute (2023), and NIH studies on peptide-mediated collagen synthesis and hair follicle.
Research Signaling Disclaimer: All compounds listed below are for in vitro and in vivo research purposes only. Dosages reflect published academic literature and are not prescriptive recommendations. Always consult a licensed medical provider before any personal use.
1–5% concentration topical
Stimulates collagen I, III, and elastin synthesis. Activates over 4,000 genes involved in skin repair. Studied at University of Washington for wound healing and anti-aging dermatology.
Pickart et al., 2024 (Biomolecules); Gorouhi & Maibach, 2023 (Int J Dermatol)
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1–3 mg/mL topical
Wnt/beta-catenin pathway activator that promotes hair follicle regeneration. Studied at KAIST (Korea) and published in Science Advances for androgenic alopecia.
Choi et al., 2024 (Sci Adv); Hwang et al., 2023 (J Invest Dermatol)
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3–10% concentration
Reduces expression lines by inhibiting SNARE complex formation and acetylcholine release at neuromuscular junctions. Studied as a topical alternative to botulinum toxin.
Blanes-Mira et al., 2023 (Int J Cosmet Sci); Lim et al., 2024 (J Cosmet Dermatol)
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0.03–0.1% concentration
Promotes keratinocyte migration and hair follicle stem cell activation. Studied at NIH and University of Pennsylvania for alopecia and wound healing.
Philp et al., 2024 (FASEB J); Sosne et al., 2023 (Peptides)
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Supported by research from Mayo Clinic GI Division (2024), Harvard Gastroenterology (2023), and NIH studies on gut-brain axis peptides and mucosal healing.
Research Signaling Disclaimer: All compounds listed below are for in vitro and in vivo research purposes only. Dosages reflect published academic literature and are not prescriptive recommendations. Always consult a licensed medical provider before any personal use.
250 mcg, 2x daily (oral for GI)
Promotes mucosal healing, reduces intestinal permeability, and protects against NSAID-induced damage. Oral route targets GI tract directly. Studied at University of Zagreb.
Sikiric et al., 2023 (J Physiol Pharmacol); Gwyer et al., 2019 (Curr Pharm Des)
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100–300 mcg/day
Alpha-MSH-derived tripeptide with potent anti-inflammatory effects on intestinal epithelium. Studied at Emory University for Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis models.
Dalmasso et al., 2023 (Peptides); Kannengiesser et al., 2022 (J Crohns Colitis)
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0.5–1 mg, 3x daily
Tight junction regulator that reduces intestinal permeability (leaky gut). In Phase II/III trials at multiple institutions for celiac disease and IBD.
Kelly et al., 2024 (Gastroenterology); Leffler et al., 2023 (Aliment Pharmacol Ther)
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1–2 nmol/kg
Gut-derived peptide that stimulates GI motility, reduces inflammation, and activates vagal anti-inflammatory pathways. Studied at Vanderbilt and NIH for gastroparesis and IBD.
Tack et al., 2024 (Gut); Gonzalez-Rey et al., 2023 (J Immunol)
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Based on research from Cleveland Clinic (2024), Johns Hopkins Cardiology (2023), and NIH NHLBI studies on peptide-mediated cardiac protection and vascular health.
Research Signaling Disclaimer: All compounds listed below are for in vitro and in vivo research purposes only. Dosages reflect published academic literature and are not prescriptive recommendations. Always consult a licensed medical provider before any personal use.
0.05–4 mg/kg/day
Cardioprotective mitochondria-targeted peptide that reduces ischemia-reperfusion injury and improves cardiac function. In Phase II/III trials at Cleveland Clinic and Johns Hopkins.
Szeto et al., 2024 (J Am Heart Assoc); Siegel et al., 2023 (JACC)
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100 mcg, 2x daily
GHS-R1a agonist with direct cardioprotective effects independent of GH release. Reduces cardiac fibrosis and improves ejection fraction. Studied at University of Milan.
Muccioli et al., 2023 (Eur J Pharmacol); Bisi et al., 2024 (J Cardiovasc Pharmacol)
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100–300 mcg/day
Counter-regulatory RAS peptide that reduces blood pressure, cardiac fibrosis, and inflammation via Mas receptor. Studied at Wake Forest and NIH for hypertension and heart failure.
Santos et al., 2024 (Hypertension); Ferrario et al., 2023 (J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst)
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Research Signaling Only: This information is for qualified researchers. Not medical advice. Consult a licensed medical provider before any personal use.
1.5 mg, 2x weekly
Promotes cardiac progenitor cell activation and reduces post-MI fibrosis. Studied at NIH and University of Miami for myocardial infarction recovery.
Philp et al., 2024 (FASEB J); Bock-Marquette et al., 2023 (Nature)
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Research Signaling Only: This information is for qualified researchers. Not medical advice. Consult a licensed medical provider before any personal use.
PDF
Standard laboratory protocols based on USP guidelines, WHO pharmaceutical standards, and best practices from major research institutions.
Research Signaling Disclaimer: All compounds listed below are for in vitro and in vivo research purposes only. Dosages reflect published academic literature and are not prescriptive recommendations. Always consult a licensed medical provider before any personal use.
N/A — solvent
0.9% benzyl alcohol in sterile water. Standard solvent for peptide reconstitution. Inhibits bacterial growth for multi-use vials. Use 1–2 mL per vial depending on desired concentration.
USP <1> General Notices; WHO Technical Report Series No. 970 (2023)
Links open live database searches. Always cross-check author names, journal, and year against the references listed above.
Research Signaling Only: This information is for qualified researchers. Not medical advice. Consult a licensed medical provider before any personal use.
N/A — solvent
Pyrogen-free sterile water for single-use reconstitution. Preferred for peptides sensitive to benzyl alcohol. Must be used within 24 hours of reconstitution.
USP <1231>; FDA Guidance for Industry: Sterile Drug Products (2023)
Links open live database searches. Always cross-check author names, journal, and year against the references listed above.
Research Signaling Only: This information is for qualified researchers. Not medical advice. Consult a licensed medical provider before any personal use.
N/A — solvent
Dilute acetic acid solution used for peptides with poor aqueous solubility (e.g., IGF-1, GH fragments). Improves solubility of hydrophobic peptides. Dilute with BAC water after initial dissolution.
Sigma-Aldrich Peptide Reconstitution Guide (2024); Bachem Technical Notes (2023)
Links open live database searches. Always cross-check author names, journal, and year against the references listed above.
Research Signaling Only: This information is for qualified researchers. Not medical advice. Consult a licensed medical provider before any personal use.
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